01371nas a2200121 4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006800123300000900191490000700200520099500207856004701202 2021 eng d a2041-172300aMemory effect assisted imaging through multimode optical fibres0 aMemory effect assisted imaging through multimode optical fibres a37510 v123 a

When light propagates through opaque material, the spatial information it holds becomes scrambled, but not necessarily lost. Two classes of techniques have emerged to recover this information: methods relying on optical memory effects, and transmission matrix (TM) approaches. Here we develop a general framework describing the nature of memory effects in structures of arbitrary geometry. We show how this framework, when combined with wavefront shaping driven by feedback from a guide-star, enables estimation of the TM of any such system. This highlights that guide-star assisted imaging is possible regardless of the type of memory effect a scatterer exhibits. We apply this concept to multimode fibres (MMFs) and identify a `quasi-radial' memory effect. This allows the TM of an MMF to be approximated from only one end - an important step for micro-endoscopy. Our work broadens the applications of memory effects to a range of novel imaging and optical communication scenarios.

 uhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23729-1
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