02490nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520159600272653000701868653000701875100002101882700002201903700002201925700001601947700001901963700001801982700002202000700002502022700001502047700002102062700001802083700002702101856007202128       2023                        eng d  a0045-653500aLaser-based techniques: Novel tools for the identification and characterization of aged microplastics with developed biofilm0 aLaserbased techniques Novel tools for the identification and cha  a1373730 v3133 a<p>Microplastics found in the environment are often covered with a biofilm, which makes their analysis difficult. Therefore, the biofilm is usually removed before analysis, which may affect the microplastic particles or lead to their loss during the procedure. In this work, we used laser-based analytical techniques and evaluated their performance in detecting, characterizing, and classifying pristine and aged microplastics with a developed biofilm. Five types of microplastics from different polymers were selected (polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride) and aged under controlled conditions in freshwater and wastewater. The development of biofilm and the changes in the properties of the microplastic were evaluated. The pristine and aged microplastics were characterized by standard methods (e.g., optical and scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and then laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used. The results show that LIBS could identify different types of plastics regardless of the ageing and major biotic elements of the biofilm layer. LA-ICP-MS showed a high sensitivity to metals, which can be used as markers for various plastics. In addition, LA-ICP-MS can be employed in studies to monitor the adsorption and desorption (leaching) of metals during the ageing of microplastics. The use of these laser-based analytical techniques was found to be beneficial in the study of environmentally relevant microplastics.</p>10aBF10aMF1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aBrunnbauer, Lukas1 aPorkert, Michaela1 aRozman, Ula1 aMarolt, Gregor1 aHolub, Daniel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aBenešová, Markéta1 aSamek, Ota1 aLimbeck, Andreas1 aKaiser, Jozef1 aKalčíková, Gabriela  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565352203866802054nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520136300272653000701635653000701642100001801649700002101667700002201688700002101710700001501731700001801746856007201764       2022                        eng d  a0584-854700aThe potential of combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data for the analysis of wood samples0 apotential of combining laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy and R  a1064870 v1953 a<p>We report on combining the surface analysis technique of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Raman spectroscopy. The combination of both techniques enables to study the chemical composition of the sample in a broader context when combining elemental and molecular information. Obtained elemental and molecular spectra are characteristic for individual biological samples (e.g., organs and cells) and are considered as a fingerprint. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used for the detection of important molecular complexes in selected wood samples, e.g., accurate lignin and cellulose content on distinct spots of the sample surface. We chose Raman as a standard reference technique that is used for the lignin/cellulose ratio estimation. To complement the molecular information, LIBS technique was employed for the imaging of essential nutrients, e.g., Ca, Na, and K. Consequently, the contribution from both analytical techniques was combined and changes in the molecular content were visually correlated to the abundance of nutrition elements and show a direct dependence between the two signal responses. Thus, we can get specific answers to relation of lignin and cellulose formation with nutrients within the plant tissue. This evidence may then be helpful for the study of the effect of various environmental and stress factors.</p>10aBF10aMF1 aHolub, Daniel1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aProchazka, David1 aSamek, Ota1 aKaiser, Josef  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854722001318